空气源热泵设计和施工注意事项!

Air source heat pump design and construction attention!

空气源热泵机组是通过与空气中的能量进行交换来为室内制取热量，所以空气源热泵主机一定安装在空气畅通的场所，不宜安装在狭小的天井或者周围有围挡的地方。主要以供热为主的空气源热泵主机宜安装在向阳的场所。空气源热泵主机安装的平台或场所一定要有检修的空间。空气源热泵系统耗电量较大，尤其安装电辅热时，电量还会增加，所以在设计时一定要注意电容量是否满足。空气源热泵主机水泵外置时，热泵主机一定要与水泵具有连锁控制，不能孤立运行。

Air source heat pump units are exchanged with the energy in the air to make heat for indoor heat, so the main engine of the air source heat pump must be installed in the place where the air is unimpeded, and it is not suitable to be installed in the narrow patio or around the enclosure. The main source of heat supply is the air source heat pump, which should be installed in the sunny place. There must be room for maintenance for the platform or place installed by the host of the air source heat pump. The air source heat pump system has a large power consumption, especially when the auxiliary heating is installed, so the power consumption will increase. So we must pay attention to the capacitance in design. When the main pump of the air source heat pump is placed outside, the heat pump mainframe must have chain control with the pump and can not operate in isolation.

2、空气源热泵制热量与建筑负荷的匹配

2. Match between heat source of air source heat pump and building load.

室内舒适度的维持，主要是空气源热泵主机的制热量要与建筑的热负荷匹配，同时与末端设备的形式和总散热量有关。建筑热负荷决定了热泵主机的选型，在常规大型建筑主机选型时，一般会考虑小于1的同时使用系数，对于面积在100m2的居民建筑，不建议考虑同时使用系数，如果条件允许，建议热泵主机按照建筑热负荷的110%~120%选择。另外，热泵主机的选型还与末端设备的选型有关，如果末端设备是散热器，不建议热泵主机选小;如果末端设备是风机盘管，热泵主机可以适当选小，建议不宜小于建筑热负荷的85%。空气源热泵主机的选择相对复杂，一定要结合建筑的保温情况、结构类型、采暖系统的使用情况以及应用场所的室外环境有关。

The maintenance of indoor comfort is mainly that the heat production of the main engine of the air source heat pump should match the heat load of the building, and it is related to the form of the terminal equipment and the total dissipated heat. The heat load of the building determines the type selection of the main engine of the heat pump. In the selection of the conventional large building host, the coefficient less than 1 is considered at the same time. For the residential buildings in the area of 100m2, the use coefficient is not considered. If the conditions are allowed, it is suggested that the heat pump host be selected according to the 110%~120% of the construction heat load. In addition, the type selection of the heat pump host is related to the type selection of the terminal equipment. If the terminal equipment is a radiator, it is not recommended that the main engine of the heat pump be selected small. If the terminal device is a fan coil, the heat pump host can be selected appropriately, and the suggestion should not be less than 85% of the heat load of the building. The selection of the main engine of the air source heat pump is relatively complex, and it must be related to the thermal insulation of the building, the type of structure, the use of heating system and the outdoor environment of the application place.

3、两台及以上空气源热泵主机并联运行

3, two or more air source heat pump parallel operation

当建筑面积较大时，建筑的热负荷就会很大，这时会选择两台或者两台以上的热泵主机。此时热泵主机一般采用并联形式，当热泵主机并联时，就会发生其中一台热泵主机会报警的情况，发生主机报警的情况主要有以下两种:

When the building area is large, the heat load of the building will be very large. At this time, two or more than two heat pump mainframes will be selected. At this time, the main engine of the heat pump generally adopts the parallel form. When the heat pump host is in parallel, one of the heat pump hosts will alarm. There are two main types of host alarm.

(1)空气源热泵主机自带水泵空气源热泵主机一般自带水泵，当两台及以上热泵主机并联时，就容易出现水泵相互"抢水"的现象，即由于水泵开启时间不同，水泵的水量就会不同，这时就会出现其中一台热泵缺水报警。对于这种现象，主要是因为系统设计导致的，其解决方案如下:

(1) the main engine of the air source heat pump with the main engine of the air source heat pump is usually carried by the main engine of the air source heat pump. When the two or more heat pump hosts are in parallel, the water pump is easy to "grab water". In other words, the water pump's water will be different because of the different opening time of the pump, and one of the water pumps will be out of the water alarm. This phenomenon is mainly due to the design of the system, and the solutions are as follows:

①加大进、出热泵主机之间的并联管的管径，建议选大两号，比如并联管径实际设计为DN50，应设计为DN80较为合适，这时的并联管就如同分集水器的作用;

(1) enlarging the pipe diameter of the parallel pipe between the main engine of the heat pump and the main engine of the heat pump, it is suggested to choose number two, for example, the actual design of the parallel pipe diameter is DN50, which should be designed to be more suitable for DN80, and the parallel pipe is just like the function of the diversity water device.

②在每一台热泵主机前加设止回阀，热泵主机是按照单台运行的情况考虑的，热泵主机水泵的出水口没有止回阀，两台及以上热泵主机并联运行时，如果没有止回阀，也会造成主机短路而报警。

In each heat pump main engine before adding check valve, the heat pump host is in accordance with the single operation of the situation, the pump outlet of the main engine of the heat pump has no check valve, two and more heat pump host parallel operation, if no check valve, will also cause the main engine short circuit and alarm.

(2)空气源热泵系统外置水泵空气源热泵外置水泵，且当两台及以上热泵主机并联时，也会出现热泵缺水报警的现象，出现这种情况主要是因为热泵主机得水不均。对于这种现象，主要解决方案如下:

(2) the air source heat pump system external pump air source heat pump external pump, and when two or more heat pump host parallel, will also appear heat pump water shortage alarm phenomenon, this situation is mainly because the heat pump host is not equal to water. For this phenomenon, the main solutions are as follows:

①水泵进入到每一台热泵主机距离相等或者相近，使进入到热泵主机的阻力尽量相等;

(1) the distance between the pumps entering each heat pump is equal or close, so that the resistance to the heat pump mainframe is as equal as possible.

②加大进入和出热泵主机之间的并联管的管径，建议选大一号，比如并联管径实际设计为DN50，应设计为DN65较为合适;

(2) to increase the diameter of the parallel pipe which is between the main engine of the heat pump and out of the heat pump, it is suggested to choose a number one, for example, the actual design of the parallel pipe diameter is DN50, and it should be designed to be more suitable for DN65.

③水泵的流量在选择时，建议水泵流量大于热泵主机总和的1.2倍。

3. When the flow rate of pumps is selected, it is suggested that the pump flow is 1.2 times higher than that of the heat pump mainframe.

4、空气源热泵系统辅助热源的设计

4, design of auxiliary heat source for air source heat pump system

当室外环境处在极端恶劣时，空气源热泵主机的效率就会下降，再加上热泵主机在低温状态下的除霜，也会影响系统的制热量，进而造成室内温度降低，使室内的舒适度下降。解决这种现象，一般在系统设计时，要考虑一定量的辅助热源作为补充。辅助热源主要形式有电加热器、天然气锅炉和太阳能辅助热源等，采用哪一种辅助热源形式，应当根据每一户的现场条件和用户的使用情况来决定。由于电加热器使用方便、维护简单，通常情况下，采用电加热器作为常用的辅助热源。

When the outdoor environment is extremely bad, the efficiency of the main engine of the air source heat pump will decrease, and the defrosting of the heat pump host in the low temperature will also affect the system's heat production, which will result in the reduction of the indoor temperature and the indoor comfort. To solve this problem, we should consider a certain amount of auxiliary heat source as a supplement when designing the system. The main forms of auxiliary heat source are electric heater, natural gas boiler and solar auxiliary heat source. Which type of auxiliary heat source should be used, which should be determined according to the conditions of each household and the use of the users. Due to the convenience and simple maintenance of electric heaters, electric heaters are usually used as auxiliary heat sources.

采用电加热器作为辅助热源时，要注意以下几点:

When using electric heaters as auxiliary heat sources, we should pay attention to the following points:

(1)辅助电加热器应与热泵主机相连锁，系统不运行，辅助电加热器不得启动;

(1) the auxiliary electric heater should be linked with the heat pump mainframe, and the auxiliary electric heater can not be activated if the system is not running.

(2)当系统水温降低到一定温度时，辅助电热器应自动启动;

(2) when the system water temperature drops to a certain temperature, the auxiliary electric heater should start automatically.

(3)系统温度应有最高值设计，当系统温度高于设定值时，辅助电加热器应停止运转;

(3) the system temperature should be designed at the highest value. When the system temperature is higher than the set value, the auxiliary electric heater should stop running.

(4)辅助电加热器的容量一般为热泵主机的20%~30%。

(4) the capacity of the auxiliary electric heater is usually 20%~30% of the heat pump main engine.

5、空气源热泵系统水容量的设计

5, design of water capacity of air source heat pump system

当空气源热泵系统的水容量较小时，空气源热泵主机就会启停频繁，热泵主机启停频繁就会对电网造成冲击。当热泵主机除霜时，还会造成系统水温急剧下降，影响室内的舒适度。增加系统水容量，就是加大系统的热容，主要解决方案如下:

When the water capacity of the air source heat pump system is small, the air source heat pump will start and stop frequently, and the heat pump will start to stop frequently, which will impact the power grid. When the heat pump main unit defrosting, it will also cause a sharp drop in the water temperature of the system, which will affect the comfort of the room. Increasing the water capacity of the system is to increase the heat capacity of the system. The main solutions are as follows:

(1)增加热水水箱。在系统中增加一个热水箱，热水箱的容积应根据现场情况确定，热水箱的位置建议在热泵主机的出水端，这样水

(1) add hot water tank. A hot water tank is added to the system. The volume of the hot water tank should be determined according to the condition of the site. The location of the hot water tank is recommended at the outlet end of the heat pump main engine.