建筑施工中的一个重要分项，也是一个极为复杂的工程，其施工问题直接影响着整个工程的质量和进度。通常所说的暖通空调设计主要包括制冷供暖系统设计、新风系统设计、排风系统设计等，其所涵盖的范围不仅仅是供暖这一个小范围，所以暖通空调安装工程的质量直接影响到建筑物的使用性能，要严格控制施工过程，保证安装质量。
The construction of an important sub item, but also a very complex project, its construction problems directly affect the quality and progress of the whole project. HVAC design generally includes refrigeration and heating system design, air system design, exhaust system design, the scope of the cover is not only the heating of a small range, so the HVAC installation engineering quality directly affects the performance of the building, to strictly control the construction process, to ensure the quality of the installation.
施工中的问题
Problems in construction
通风与空调工程是大型建筑物的重要工程，也是安装工程的施工难点之一。结合暖通空调安装的经验，目前暖通空调中存在以下一些问题。
Ventilation and air conditioning engineering is an important project of large buildings, and it is also one of the difficulties in installation engineering. In combination with HVAC installation experience, there are some problems in hvac.
1、管线标高、定位交叉严重
1, pipeline elevation, location crossing serious
暖通空调设备安装是一个庞大的工程，所涉及的管道非常复杂，用途也各不相同，例如一个完整的暖通空调设计中就要涵盖对空调末端设备、送风管、排风管、冷冻水管、电气桥架、冷凝水管、喷淋管、消防管等各种设备、管道的设计。如果对某些功能和尺寸的管道布局、规划不合理，就会出现管线标高、定位交叉严重的现象，给工程施工和管理带来极大的困难。通常，在图纸表意不明的情况下，贸然施工会造成施工管道安装困难等问题，这样，有些管道就会被迫安装在不合理的位置或标高上，严重影响工程质量和进度。
HVAC equipment installation is a huge project, the pipeline is very complex, use is also not the same, for example a complete HVAC design will cover design of the air-conditioning equipment, air supply pipe and exhaust pipe, cooling water pipe, electric bridge, condensing water pipe, spray pipe, fire tube all kinds of equipment and pipeline. If the pipeline layout and planning of some functions and sizes are not reasonable, the pipeline elevation and location crossing will be serious, which will bring great difficulties to the construction and management of the project. Usually, the drawings of ideographic unknown circumstances, to the construction construction caused by pipeline installation problems, so some pipeline can be forced to install the unreasonable location or elevation, seriously affect the quality and progress of the project.
2、暖通空调系统设备噪声超标
2, HVAC system equipment noise exceeded
通常，设备噪音主要来源于空调末端设备碰撞，其也是暖通空调设备安装中的一个重要问题。经过几十年的发展，我国的风机盘管技术相对成熟，大多数风机盘管厂商所生产的产品都能符合噪音标准。但是，实际情况却不容乐观，厂家所提供的参数值明显高于现场测试值和噪音标准值。所以，布局设计是对设备噪音控制的重点，必要时应采取适当的隔音措施。设计中必须标出设备噪音参数要求。空调设备安装之前需做仔细的检查甚至是通电试运行，若发现噪音超过国家标准需立即更换或完善消声措施，以避免问题扩大。
Generally speaking, equipment noise mainly comes from the collision of air conditioning terminal equipment, and it is also an important issue in HVAC equipment installation. After decades of development, China's fan coil technology is relatively mature, the majority of fan coil manufacturers to produce products that can meet the noise standards. However, the actual situation is not optimistic, the parameters provided by manufacturers are obviously higher than the field test value and noise standard value. Therefore, the layout design is the focus of equipment noise control, necessary to take appropriate sound insulation measures. The equipment noise parameter must be indicated in the design. Before the installation of air conditioning equipment, it is necessary to make a close inspection, even a power on test run. If the noise exceeds the national standard, it is necessary to replace or perfect the noise elimination measures immediately so as to avoid expanding the problem.
3、空调水循环故障
3 、 air conditioning water circulation failure
空调若水系统出现故障，就无法完成供暖通风的任务，所以，保证水系统循环通畅是暖通空调设备安装考虑的重点问题，其施工的质量直接影响着整个系统的运行状况。在水系统循环中，冷冻水系统循环管道不通畅是其最常见的问题。造成这一故障主要有两方面原因，管道交叉是一方面原因，水系统管道不清洁又是另一方面原因，而这两方面的问题都可以通过采取相应的措施来改善。例如可以通过合理安排管线坡度和标高、安装排气阀、排污阀以及设法进行管道除锈工作而改善水循环故障，这些方法可以很大程度的减轻这一故障，所以在实际施工中要有很强的操作意义。
If the air conditioning water system failure, is unable to complete the task of heating and ventilation, so to ensure the open cycle water system is the key problem of HVAC equipment installation considerations, its construction quality directly affects the operation of the system. In the water system cycle, the circulation of the chilled water system is not smooth. It is the most common problem. The cause of this failure is mainly for two reasons, the pipeline crossing is one of the reasons, no clean water pipeline system is another reason, these two problems can be improved by taking corresponding measures. For example, can improve the water circulation fault through the reasonable arrangement of pipeline slope and elevation, install the exhaust valve, drain valve and try to pipe rust work, these methods can greatly reduce the fault, so have very strong operation significance in actual construction.
4、结露滴水问题
4. Condensation and dripping
空调系统在调试和运行中会出现结露滴水的现象，出现这一问题的原因是多方多面的。例如，管道安装和保温不良、管道与管件、管道与设备之间接触不严密、管道安装违法操作规程等都可能造成这一问题。管道、关键材料的优劣直接影响着安装的质量，所以在管材安装之前进行系统性检查是有必要的。水压测试可以帮助检查管道的滴漏等问题，所以对系统进行严格的水压测试也是非常有意义的。在设计管道时，管道的长度和坡度都应适宜，否则会出现滴水现象。管道的安装和布置要适合冷凝水的尽快排出，必要时可以设置水封装置。
In the debugging and operation of air conditioning system, condensation and dripping will occur. The reason for this problem is multifaceted. For example, pipe installation and insulation bad, pipe and pipe fittings, pipe and equipment contact is not tight, pipe installation illegal operation rules and so on, may cause this problem. The quality of the pipe and key material directly affects the quality of the installation, so it is necessary to carry out a systematic inspection before the installation of the pipe. Water pressure test can help to check the leak of pipes, so it is very meaningful to do strict hydraulic pressure test on the system. In the design of the pipeline, the length and slope of the pipeline should be appropriate, otherwise there will be drip phenomenon. The installation and layout of the pipe shall be suitable for the discharge of condensed water as soon as possible, and the water sealing device can be installed if necessary.
安装问题解决方案
Installation problem solution
暖通空调设备安装的施工问题通常为以上所提到的四个方面，当然在安装过程中经常还会出现各种复杂问题。下面就常见问题提出几点解决方案：
The construction of HVAC installations is usually made up of the four aspects mentioned above. Of course, a variety of complex problems often arise during the installation process. Here are some solutions to common problems:
1、严格控制材料质量
1, strictly control the quality of materials
材料的采购受多方面的限制，比如工程造价、材料属性、施工难度等各个方面的影响，在选择的过程中需各方面权衡，达到质量和效益的最优。根据我国暖通空调方面材料采购的现状，现在市场上的材料质量参差不齐，以假乱真、以次充好的现象非常普遍，所以在材料设备的选购中应严格筛选，并且不能偷工减料，否则将会造成工程返工而不能如期完工或者质量水平严重下降。
The purchase of materials is restricted by many factors, such as the cost of the project, the material attribute, the construction difficulty and so on. In the process of selection, all aspects need to be weighed to reach the optimum quality and benefit. According to the current situation of China's HVAC materials procurement, now on the market of material quality is uneven, real, shoddy phenomenon is very common, so the purchase of materials and equipment should be strictly selected, and cannot cut corners, otherwise it will cause the engineering rework and can not be completed or a serious decline in quality level.
2、严格控制施工过程
2, strictly control the construction process
施工过程中管道支架的位置、标高、坡度都必须符合设计要求。在施工过程中，要保证坡度在准确的范围内，可以调整供暖干管或者填补管道漏洞空隙，此外应减小位置、标高和设计值的偏差。在施工中应尽量考虑各方面影响因素，严格按照章程和规范执行，并采用相关的工艺，遵循一定的原则，避免管道交叉严重、阻塞、结露漏水等问题。做好施工中的控制和监督工作，

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减少错误率。
In the construction process, the position, elevation and slope of the pipe support must comply with the design requirements. In the construction process, to ensure that the slope in the correct range, you can adjust the heating dry pipe or fill the gaps in the pipeline, in addition, should reduce the location, elevation and design deviation of the value. In the construction, we should try to consider all aspects of the impact factors, strictly in accordance with the articles of association and norms to implement, and the use of related processes, follow certain principles, to avoid pipe crossing serious, blocking, condensation, leakage and other issues. Good control and supervision during construction, reduce error rate